Pediatric Dentistry

Dental Treatment Tailored to your Child’s Growth

Children’s teeth transition from primary to permanent, and their jawbones continue to develop. Consequently, the condition of the mouth changes significantly depending on age. For these reasons, pediatric dentistry emphasizes treatment and prevention adapted to each stage of a child’s growth.

The Role of Baby Teeth

Primary teeth do more than just chew food; they serve as essential guides for permanent teeth to erupt correctly. Furthermore, they influence proper pronunciation and the development of the jawbone. If primary teeth develop cavities, it can cause pain and negatively impact the alignment of permanent teeth and overall oral health.

Baby Teeth are Prone to Cavities

Primary teeth are characterized by thinner enamel and dentin compared to permanent teeth, making the tooth structure weaker. As a result, they are prone to cavities, which tend to progress rapidly. Moreover, neglecting cavities in primary teeth can adversely affect the permanent teeth that follow.

The main reasons baby teeth are prone to cavities are as follows:

• The enamel of baby teeth has low mineralization and weak resistance to acid.
• Enamel and dentin are thin, allowing cavities to progress easily.
• Baby teeth have deep grooves that easily trap debris.
• Children tend to prefer sweets, increasing the risk of cavities.

Common Concerns in Pediatric Dentistry and Their Solutions

At SACHI Dental Clinic, we receive various inquiries regarding children’s oral health. Here, we introduce common concerns and their solutions.

① Concern about Cavities in Baby Teeth｜Early Detection and Treatment are Crucial

Primary teeth are more prone to cavities and rapid decay than permanent teeth. This is because the enamel is thinner and less mineralized, and the dentin is softer than that of permanent teeth. Additionally, primary teeth are highly soluble in acid, meaning that once a cavity forms, it often progresses quickly.

Leaving cavities in baby teeth untreated poses the following risks:

• Pain and swelling may occur, making eating difficult.
• It can adversely affect the formation of permanent teeth.
• It can lead to misalignment of permanent teeth.
• It can affect pronunciation.

Therefore, it is vital not to leave cavities in primary teeth untreated, but rather to detect them early and receive appropriate treatment.

What Can be Done at Home to Prevent Cavities

While there is no way to guarantee the prevention of cavities, daily brushing and regular dental checkups are the most effective methods. Combining home care with professional care at a dental clinic can significantly reduce the risk of tooth decay.

Dietary Habits and Dental Health

In addition, a balanced diet is indispensable for preventing cavities. To build strong teeth, it is particularly important to consume sufficient calcium and phosphorus, which are the primary components of teeth. Milk and dairy products are rich in these nutrients. They also contain protein (casein), which aids in tooth remineralization, and Vitamin D, which assists in calcium absorption.

Milk is also expected to help neutralize acids in the mouth and protect the tooth surface. Establishing a habit of choosing unsweetened milk during snacks or meals helps maintain your child’s dental health. However, caution is required as dairy drinks with added sugar or consumption right before bed may actually increase the risk of cavities. Please remember to brush after eating.

Methods for Finishing Brushing by Age

• Ages 0–1: Establishing brushing habits with gauze
  Once teeth begin to erupt, gently wipe them with moistened gauze. Establishing a brushing habit is important during this period. To ensure the baby does not dislike the process, make it enjoyable by singing songs or speaking gently.

  

• Ages 1–3: Thorough checks using the lap-pillow position
  Place your child’s head on your lap to perform follow-up brushing. This position provides a clear view of the mouth, helping to reduce missed spots. The back of the upper front teeth is a particularly common area for plaque buildup. Choose a child-sized toothbrush with a small head and brush using short, vibrating strokes. Parental care is especially vital at this age, and searching for “tips for follow-up brushing” can be helpful.

  

• Ages 3–5: Practicing self-brushing and follow-up care
  Start practicing self-brushing with your child. First, let them hold the brush and clean their teeth freely. Afterward, a parent must always perform follow-up brushing to ensure no spots are missed. It is important to teach the joy of brushing during this stage.
• Ages 5–8: Caution as permanent teeth erupt
  Around age six, the first permanent molars (six-year molars) begin to emerge. These molars have deep grooves and are highly susceptible to cavities, so brush them with extra care. This is also the time when front teeth transition to permanent ones. With a mix of primary and permanent teeth, the alignment can become uneven, leading to more missed spots. Guide your child to brush each tooth carefully while looking in a mirror. Additionally, make it a habit to use dental floss between teeth. You can find videos demonstrating how to use floss for children by searching for “children’s flossing.”

Choosing and Using Effective Toothpaste

Choosing a toothpaste containing fluoride is effective for preventing cavities. The Japanese Society of Pediatric Dentistry recommends specific usage amounts and fluoride concentrations based on age.

• From tooth eruption to age 2: A rice grain-sized amount (1–2mm) of toothpaste with 1000ppmF
• Ages 3–5: A pea-sized amount (5mm) of toothpaste with 1000ppmF
• Ages 6 to adult: An amount covering the entire toothbrush (1.5cm–2cm) with 1500ppmF

To use toothpaste effectively, it’s important to adhere to the age-appropriate amount. Find the right toothpaste for your child.

Treatment Methods if Cavities Develop

The treatment method varies depending on the size and depth of the cavity. At our clinic, we strive to provide pain-conscious treatment to ensure you can receive care with peace of mind.

Treatment for Small Cavities (CR Restoration)

If a cavity is small and has not reached the nerve, we remove only the decayed portion and treat it with composite resin (CR). CR restoration is characterized by minimal tooth removal and a natural-looking finish.

The treatment procedure is as follows:

1. Remove the decayed part
2. Apply adhesive to the tooth surface
3. Fill with composite resin
4. Cure with light
5. Shape and adjust the bite

CR restoration is typically completed in a single visit. However, if the cavity is large or deep, anesthesia may be required. Please rest assured that our clinic uses topical anesthesia and electric anesthesia injectors to minimize pain.

Benefits of CR Restoration

• Minimal tooth removal
• Natural appearance
• Completed in one treatment session
• No risk of metal allergies

Drawbacks of CR Restoration

• May chip or come off under strong force
• May discolor over time
• May not be suitable for large cavities

Treatment for Large Cavities (Root Canal Treatment, Extraction)

If a cavity is large and has reached the nerve, root canal treatment becomes necessary. This involves removing the nerve infected by bacteria, disinfecting and cleaning the root canal, and then sealing it with medication. Note that root canal treatment for primary teeth differs from that of permanent teeth, as it must account for root resorption and the impact on the succeeding permanent teeth.

The root canal treatment procedure is as follows:

1. Remove the decayed part
2. Remove the nerve
3. Disinfect and clean the canal
4. Fill the canal with medication

Root canal treatment requires multiple visits. However, if symptoms do not improve or if root resorption is advanced, an extraction may be necessary. Cases requiring “primary tooth extraction” are those where negative impacts on permanent teeth are a concern.

Specifically, extraction is required in the following cases:

• The cavity is large, and the tooth cannot be preserved with root canal treatment
• Root resorption has progressed, causing the tooth to become loose
• Pus has accumulated at the root tip, potentially affecting permanent teeth

After extraction, a space maintainer may be placed to prevent impact on the alignment and bite of permanent teeth.

Efforts to Help Children Cooperate with Treatment

At SACHI Dental Clinic, we take various measures to ensure children do not develop a fear of dental treatment. Our entire staff, including our female dentists, strives to create an environment where patients can receive treatment while feeling relaxed and cared for.

Specifically, we implement the following initiatives:

• We ease a child’s anxiety by showing and letting them touch the instruments before treatment.
• We proceed with treatment while talking to and encouraging the child.
• We prepare rewards for children who do their best during treatment.

Furthermore, we provide parents with detailed explanations of treatment details and precautions, as well as advice on home care. We are constantly considering ways to ensure “children are not afraid of the dentist.”

Handling Cases where Cooperation with Treatment is Difficult

For children who cannot cooperate with treatment or those with systemic conditions that make safe treatment difficult, we may refer them to nearby advanced medical institutions or university hospitals. We work in collaboration with other clinics to provide the best treatment for your child.

② Want to Have Regular Check-Ups｜for Cavity Prevention and Early Detection

Regular dental check-ups are crucial for preventing cavities and gingivitis and for early detection and treatment. During regular check-ups, the following are performed:

• Cavity check: Check for the presence and progression of cavities.
• Gingivitis check: Check for gum swelling and bleeding.
• Plaque and tartar removal: Use specialized equipment to remove plaque and tartar.
• Fluoride application: Strengthen tooth structure and prevent cavities.
• Brushing instruction: Teach proper brushing techniques.
• Lifestyle Guidance: We provide advice on dietary habits and other lifestyle factors.

The frequency of regular checkups varies depending on the child’s oral condition, but we generally recommend a visit every 3 to 6 months. We adjust the frequency of “pediatric dental checkups” based on age and risk, so please feel free to consult us.

About Fluoride Application

Fluoride application is a method of strengthening tooth structure and preventing cavities by applying fluoride to the tooth surface. The fluoride used in dental clinics is of a higher concentration than that found in household toothpaste, offering a greater preventative effect.

Effects of Fluoride Application

• Promotion of Remineralization: Fluoride encourages the redeposition of calcium and phosphorus that have dissolved from the teeth, repairing early-stage cavities.
• Strengthening Tooth Structure: It acts on the enamel to form a strong tooth structure (fluorapatite) that is resistant to acid dissolution.
• Suppression of Cavity-Causing Bacteria: It inhibits the activity of bacteria and reduces acid production.

Frequency and Safety of Fluoride Application

Fluoride application at a dental clinic is effective when performed about 3 to 4 times a year (once every 3 months). Although high-concentration fluoride is used, it is safe because dentists and dental hygienists manage the appropriate dosage.

However, excessive intake carries risks such as dental fluorosis (white spots or streaks). Therefore, please follow the instructions of your dentist or dental hygienist regarding the amount and frequency of fluoride products used at home. We perform procedures with safety in mind to provide peace of mind for those searching for “fluoride application in Mita.”

Differences from Fluoride-Containing Products Used at Home

Some household toothpastes and mouthwashes also contain fluoride. Using these products daily can enhance cavity prevention. However, the fluoride concentration is set lower than that used in dental clinic applications. In short, combining home care with professional clinic applications leads to the most effective cavity prevention.

Choosing Toothbrushes and Toothpaste According to Age and Situation

To protect your child’s dental health, it is important to choose toothbrushes and toothpaste that suit their age and oral condition.

Recommended toothpaste usage amount and fluoride concentration by age based on the recommendations of the Japanese Society of Pediatric Dentistry

• From tooth eruption to age 2: Use a rice-sized amount (approx. 1–2 mm) with a fluoride concentration of 1,000 ppmF (900–1,000 ppmF based on Japanese products).
• Ages 3–5: Use a pea-sized amount (approx. 5 mm) with a fluoride concentration of 1,000 ppmF (900–1,000 ppmF based on Japanese products).
• Age 6 to Adult: Use an amount covering the entire toothbrush (approx. 1.5–2 cm) with a fluoride concentration of 1,500 ppmF (1,400–1,500 ppmF based on Japanese products).

Recommended Toothbrushes by Age and Situation

• 0–2 years: Choose an infant toothbrush with a small head and soft bristles.
• Ages 3–5: This is the period for practicing self-brushing. Choose a child-sized brush with a small head that is easy to grip.
• Age 6 and up: This is when permanent teeth begin to erupt. Choose a brush with a small head and fine bristles to ensure the back molars can be cleaned thoroughly.

A toothbrush should be replaced when the bristles begin to splay. Depending on the oral condition, special-shaped brushes or auxiliary cleaning tools (dental floss, interdental brushes, etc.) may be necessary. For details, please feel free to consult our staff. We also provide information such as “recommended toothbrushes for children.”

③ Concern about Children’s Dental Alignment｜Early Consultation is Recommended

As primary teeth transition to permanent ones and the jaw grows, a child’s tooth alignment changes significantly. “Consultation for children’s tooth alignment” is one of the most common concerns we receive at SACHI Dental Clinic. Please consult us early, especially in the following cases:

• Permanent teeth are emerging from under the baby teeth
• Permanent teeth are slow to emerge after baby teeth fall out
• Permanent teeth are emerging in unusual positions
• Concerns about underbite or overbite
• Habits such as thumb sucking or nail biting

Timing for Dental Alignment Consultation

If you have any concerns about your child’s tooth alignment, please consult us early. The period when primary teeth are replaced by permanent teeth (around ages 6 to 12) is a time of significant change in alignment and bite. Therefore, caution is necessary during this stage. Detecting problems early and starting treatment at the appropriate time increases the likelihood of achieving better results. We also accept consultations for “pediatric orthodontics in Mita.”

Options if Orthodontic Treatment is Necessary

Depending on the state of the child’s tooth alignment, orthodontic treatment may be necessary. Main treatment methods include the following:

• Removable Appliance Orthodontics: A treatment method using removable devices to encourage jaw growth or move teeth.
• Wire Orthodontics: A treatment method where brackets are attached to the tooth surface and wires are used to move the teeth.
• Clear Aligner Orthodontics: A treatment method that moves teeth using transparent, mouthpiece-style devices.

The most suitable treatment method depends on the alignment, age, and lifestyle environment. Our clinic will propose the optimal treatment for your child.

SACHI Dental Clinic’s Approach to Pediatric Orthodontics

Our clinic provides orthodontic treatment tailored to your child’s growth and development. Starting treatment early allows us to control jaw growth, which can reduce the risk of needing extensive orthodontic work in the future. Furthermore, our director and staff strive to provide gentle and polite care so that children enjoy their visits. If you are looking for “pediatric orthodontics in the Shiba Koen” area, please come in for a consultation.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Here, we answer frequently asked questions regarding pediatric dentistry.

At what age should children start visiting the dentist?

We recommend having a dental checkup once your child reaches their first birthday. Additionally, you should start practicing brushing as soon as teeth begin to erupt.

When should children start brushing their teeth?

Once teeth begin to erupt, start by cleaning with gauze. From around age 1, begin practicing brushing using a toothbrush for infants. Please continue finishing brushing until around the upper grades of elementary school.

Does thumb sucking affect dental alignment?

Prolonged thumb-sucking can negatively impact tooth alignment and the bite. Therefore, if thumb-sucking continues past the age of three, please consult a dentist.

If baby teeth develop cavities, will it affect permanent teeth?

Neglecting cavities in primary teeth can adversely affect the permanent teeth that follow. Therefore, even if it is a primary tooth, please seek treatment early if a cavity develops.

My child is afraid of the dentist. What should I do?

First, it is important to help the child understand that the dentist is not a scary place. For example, playing “dentist” at home or reading picture books featuring dentists can be effective. At our clinic, we take various measures to ensure children can receive treatment while relaxed, so please rest assured.